Patient experiences of methadone treatment changes during the first wave of COVID-19: a national community-driven survey.

BACKGROUND: During COVID-19, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) allowed Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) programs to relax in-person MMT requirements to reduce COVID-19 exposure. This study examines patient-reported changes to in-person methadone clinic attendance requirements during COVID-19. METHODS: From June 7, 2020, to July 15, 2020, a convenience sample of methadone patients (N = 392) were recruited in collaboration with National Survivors Union (NSU) in 43 states and Washington D.C. through social media (Facebook, Reddit, Twitter, and Web site pop-ups). The community-driven research (CDR) online survey collected information on how patient take-home methadone dosing and in-person drug testing, counseling, and clinic visit frequency changed prior to COVID-19 (before March 2020) to during COVID-19 (June and July 2020). RESULTS: During the study time period, the percentage of respondents receiving at least 14 days of take-home doses increased from 22 to 53%, while the percentage receiving one or no take-home doses decreased from 22.4% before COVID-19 to 10.2% during COVID-19. In-person counseling attendance decreased from 82.9% to 19.4%. While only 3.3% of respondents accessed counseling through telehealth before COVID-19, this percentage increased to 61.7% during COVID-19. Many respondents (41.3%) reported visiting their clinics in person once a week or more during COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: During the first wave of COVID-19, methadone patients report decreased in-person clinic attendance and increased take-home doses and use of telehealth for counseling services. However, respondents reported considerable variations, and many were still required to make frequent in-person clinic visits, which put patients at risk of COVID-19 exposure. Relaxations of MMT in-person requirements during COVID-19 should be consistently implemented and made permanent, and patient experiences of these changes should be explored further.

The Methadone Manifesto: Treatment Experiences and Policy Recommendations From Methadone Patient Activists

[...]we take on projects in two-person teams, share skills, and provide mentorship. [...]for many reasons, MMT is vital, especially now that fentanyl dominates the illicit opioid supply.12 In the absence of safer, legal, short-acting opioids, as one member said, "methadone is our safe supply." According to one USU member: MMT programs drastically reduce doses after two to three missed days and, after additional missed doses, may terminate treatment. [...]many patients are at increased risk for overdose because they supplement reduced or missed doses with illicit street opioids or rely on them after treatment has been terminated.

We are the researched, the researchers, and the discounted: The experiences of drug user activists as researchers.

In this commentary, activists from Urban Survivors Union, the United States national drug users union, discuss our experiences conducting research on methadone clinic adoption of relaxed SAMHSA guidelines during the COVID-19 epidemic. In particular, we focus on our interactions with academic researchers as a grassroots organization of criminalized people designing our own research. We describe the challenges we navigated to retain decision making powers over the research question, data analysis and interpretation, and dissemination. We find that our collaborations with academic researchers are often complicated by power imbalances and structural issues. In our experience as directly impacted people, even community based participatory research (CBPR) often sidelines us. Our eventual research approach demonstrates how our process transcends CBPR by becoming community driven research (CDR). We suggest several changes to the research process in order to propagate this model.

Take-home dosing experiences among persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment during COVID-19.

PURPOSE: Methadone maintenance treatment is a life-saving treatment for people with opioid use disorders (OUD). The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has introduced many concerns surrounding access to opioid treatment. In March 2020, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued guidance allowing for the expansion of take-home methadone doses. We sought to describe changes to treatment experiences from the perspective of persons receiving methadone at outpatient treatment facilities for OUD. METHODS: We conducted an in-person survey among 104 persons receiving methadone from three clinics in central North Carolina in June and July 2020. Surveys collected information on demographic characteristics, methadone treatment history, and experiences with take-home methadone doses in the context of COVID-19 (i.e., before and since March 2020). RESULTS: Before COVID-19, the clinic-level percent of participants receiving any amount of days' supply of take-home doses at each clinic ranged from 56% to 82%, while it ranged from 78% to 100% since COVID-19. The clinic-level percent of participants receiving a take-homes days' supply of a week or longer (i.e., ≥6 days) since COVID-19 ranged from 11% to 56%. Among 87 participants who received take-homes since COVID-19, only four reported selling their take-home doses. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found variation in experiences of take-home dosing by clinic and little diversion of take-home doses. While SAMSHA guidance should allow expanded access to take-home doses, adoption of these guidelines may vary at the clinic level. The adoption of these policies should be explored further, particularly in the context of benefits to patients seeking OUD treatment.